Advantages and disadvantages of liquid fuel over solid fuel

Advantages of liquid fuel over solid fuel:

1.  Higher calorific value
2.  Practically no ashes
3.  Non-corrosion of boiler plate
4.  Better flow control by controlling valve
5.  Pollutant is low.
6.  Higher efficiency

Disadvantages of liquid fuel over solid fuel:

1.  Risk of fire
2.  Require better container than solid fuel
3.  Higher cost

Definition of Aniline Point, Pour point and Cloud point,Otane number,Cetane number

Aniline Point:

The  lowest  temperature  at  which  the  fuel  is
completely  miscible   with  an  equivalent
amount of aniline.

Pour point and Cloud point:

If an oil is cooled, it will start solidifying at some 

temperature.  This  temperature  is  called  cloud 

point.

This clouding or haziness of the oil interferes with 

its flow.

The  pour  point  is  that  temperature  just  above 

which the oil sample will  not flow under certain 

prescribed condition. This temperature is largely 

determined by the wax content of the oil.

Definition of Flash point and Fire point

Flash Point:

Flash  point  is  the  temperature  at  which  a
flammable  liquid  will  produce,  with  a  standard
standardized  apparatus  and  procedure,  a
mixture  of  its  vapor  and  air  which  will  ignite  to
give a visible flash by contact with an open flame.

Fire Point:

Fire point  is the temperature at which the flash
will sustain itself as a steady flame for at least five
seconds.

The flash point and the fire point indicates the 

temperature below which oil can be handled 

without the danger of fire, otherwise they are of 

a little consequences.

Definition of oxygenated fuel and it's advantages and types of fuel

Oxygenated fuel:

Oxygenated  fuels  contains  oxygen  as  a  part  of 
their chemical structure.
Example: CH3OH

Advantages:

i)  Easily ignited
ii)  Product of combustion is low
iii)  Highly efficient
iv)  Carbon rate reduced 
v)  Smog reduced

Types of fuel:

  Solid fuels: used in boilers
  Liquid fuels: used in automobiles 
  Gaseous fuels: IC engines

Definition of fuel and requirement of a good fuel

Fuel:

Fuel is a hydrocarbon which produces heat after
oxidizing with atmospheric air. Fuel is containing
mostly carbon and hydrogen. This is why fuel is
called hydrocarbons.

Requirement of a Good Fuel:

i)  Ignition point should be less
ii)  Heating value/ calorific value should be
high
iii)  Should burn smoothly when it is ignited
iv)  Should be easily transferrable
v)  Convenient
vi)  Low amount of pollutant
vii)  Low deposit forming tendencies
viii)  Compatibility with the engine hardware
ix)  Low toxicity